exhibits a lack of vitality, low self esteem, cohesiveness, and vitality and to regulate tension or mood.
The disorder of the self, or narcissistic personality disorder, can be the result of an unemphatic parent who deprives the child of a needed “self object” in Mahler’s language , that is cognitively perceived as external to the self but is experienced as part of the self. A person functioning as a self object for another is perceived as performing some essential psychological function for the subject. Without available external self object support the individual is liable to feel helpless, ineffective, overhelmed, unworthy, unreal, incomplete, or empty.
Unconscious Assumption
Wilfred Bion (1962) described three “basic assumption groups” and processes: dependency, fight/flight, and pairing the basic assumption groups are regressive in nature in contrast to “working groups”. The basic assumption group can support or subvert tasks. Bion has described unconscious assumption with their characteristic “valency ”as the individual’s readiness to join a group that acts to the regressive basic assumption. The valencies are similar to the transference phenomenon described in a boarder psychoanalytic literature. The end result of this type of functioning is the phenomenon of merging or fusion (in contrast to fission) that can occur as a defense against the treat of personal identity dislocation and alienation (Scharff an Scharff 1987.
Fusion basic assumption group functioning support harmony, emphatic identification and togetherness appropriate to the early infant-mother bonding. The domination of the group by fusion is generally an attempt to deny difference, conflict, and loss : bowen and Minuchin describe this phenomenon as “undifferentiation” and “enmeshment”. Fission basic assumption group functioning promotes conflict, difference of opinions, divergent goals. Fusion-fission basic assumptions are the two poles in group dynamics.
Continuity or Discontinuity
Belief in the importance of “traumatic” experiences in the formative years of early childhood and an interest in identifying individual at risk for later psychiatric disorder have led researchers to look intensively for significant continuities in development (Zeanah et.al. 1989). The continuity or discontinuity model of psychopathology led early psychoanalytic theories to predict that psychological traumas and biological propensities led to predictable sequel and consequences. Contrary to expectation, one of the major results of the search for continuities in behavior has been recognition that discontinuities in early development are far more readily apparent than continuities (Emde and Harmon1984, Zeanah et.al 1989). This recognition, coupled with evidence of adequate coping in some resilient children and
The disorder of the self, or narcissistic personality disorder, can be the result of an unemphatic parent who deprives the child of a needed “self object” in Mahler’s language , that is cognitively perceived as external to the self but is experienced as part of the self. A person functioning as a self object for another is perceived as performing some essential psychological function for the subject. Without available external self object support the individual is liable to feel helpless, ineffective, overhelmed, unworthy, unreal, incomplete, or empty.
Unconscious Assumption
Wilfred Bion (1962) described three “basic assumption groups” and processes: dependency, fight/flight, and pairing the basic assumption groups are regressive in nature in contrast to “working groups”. The basic assumption group can support or subvert tasks. Bion has described unconscious assumption with their characteristic “valency ”as the individual’s readiness to join a group that acts to the regressive basic assumption. The valencies are similar to the transference phenomenon described in a boarder psychoanalytic literature. The end result of this type of functioning is the phenomenon of merging or fusion (in contrast to fission) that can occur as a defense against the treat of personal identity dislocation and alienation (Scharff an Scharff 1987.
Fusion basic assumption group functioning support harmony, emphatic identification and togetherness appropriate to the early infant-mother bonding. The domination of the group by fusion is generally an attempt to deny difference, conflict, and loss : bowen and Minuchin describe this phenomenon as “undifferentiation” and “enmeshment”. Fission basic assumption group functioning promotes conflict, difference of opinions, divergent goals. Fusion-fission basic assumptions are the two poles in group dynamics.
Continuity or Discontinuity
Belief in the importance of “traumatic” experiences in the formative years of early childhood and an interest in identifying individual at risk for later psychiatric disorder have led researchers to look intensively for significant continuities in development (Zeanah et.al. 1989). The continuity or discontinuity model of psychopathology led early psychoanalytic theories to predict that psychological traumas and biological propensities led to predictable sequel and consequences. Contrary to expectation, one of the major results of the search for continuities in behavior has been recognition that discontinuities in early development are far more readily apparent than continuities (Emde and Harmon1984, Zeanah et.al 1989). This recognition, coupled with evidence of adequate coping in some resilient children and
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